Open Access
Table 5.
Summary of gamma irradiation experiments in terms of bitumen type, dose, and dose rate.
| References | Bitumen | Source | Dose rate | Absorbed dose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Type or grade) | (Gy/h) | (MGy) | ||
| [37] | 40/50, H80/90, | 60Co | 400–2400 | 27.6 |
| R80/90, 95/1, 155/0 | 137Cs | 1000 | ||
| [29] | 70/100 | 60Co | 5000 | 1–7 |
| [36] | Mexphalt 34 and 35, | 60Co | 1000 | 34 × 10−6–550 |
| R85/40 | ×10−3 | |||
| [25] | 70/100 | 60Co | 15 and 45 | 0.03 |
| 150 and 450 | ||||
| [39] | 60/80, R20/30 | 60Co | 610 | 10 |
| 1200 | ||||
| 12 000 |
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