Open Access
Table 1.
Life cycle inventory of the EDF nuclear kWh. (EDF/DCN = EDF Nuclear Fuel Division).
| Stage | Sub-stage | Data | Unit | Value | Source/Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mines | Extraction – Processing | Geographical distribution of mines | Australia | % | 16% | Euratom data |
| Open-pit mines | % | 24% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Underground mines | % | 50% | EDF/DCN | |||
| ISL mines | % | 26% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Canada | % | 21% | Euratom data | |||
| Underground mines | % | 100% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Namibia | % | 10% | Euratom data | |||
| Open-pit mines | % | 100% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Niger | % | 17% | Euratom data | |||
| Open-pit mines | % | 63% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Underground mines | % | 37% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Russia | % | 18% | Euratom data | |||
| Underground mines | % | 47% | EDF/DCN | |||
| ISL mines | % | 53% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Kazakhstan | % | 18% | Euratom data | |||
| ISL mines | % | 100% | EDF/DCN | |||
| Electricity consumption | Open-pit and underground mine | kWh/kg U3O8 | 35 | EDF/DCN | ||
| ISL mine | kWh/kg U3O8 | 40 | EDF/DCN | |||
| Diesel consumption | Open-pit mine | m3/kgU3O8 | 0,015 | EDF/DCN | ||
| Underground mine | m3/kgU3O8 | 0,004 | EDF/DCN | |||
| ISL mine | m3/kgU3O8 | 0,002 | EDF/DCN | |||
| Mining waste | m3/kgU3O8 | 0,25 | ecoinvent data | |||
| Fuel | Conversion | Conversion market distribution | Cameco (Canada) | % | 51 | Euratom data |
| Orano (France) | % | 27 | Euratom data | |||
| TENEX/Rosatom (Russia) | % | 22 | Euratom data | |||
| Enrichment | Enrichment market distribution | Orano (France) | % | 35 | Euratom data | |
| Urenco (Germany) | % | 11,67 | Euratom data | |||
| Urenco (Netherlands | % | 11,67 | Euratom data | |||
| Urenco (UK) | % | 11,67 | Euratom data | |||
| TENEX/Rosatom (Russia) | % | 30 | Euratom data | |||
| Enrichment | 4% content | kgU/UTS* | 1,23 | For 1300-MW and 1400-MW reactors | ||
| content | 4% | |||||
| 4,2% content | kgU/UTS* | 1,21 | For “Cyclades” 900-MW reactors | |||
| 3,7% content | kgU/UTS* | 1,27 | For “Garance” 900-MW reactors and“moxed” 900-MW reactors | |||
| Electricity consumption | kWh/UTS | 35,5 | EDF | |||
| Fuel production | UOX and MOXfuel | Uranium losses | % | 0,58 | EDF/DCN | |
| Electricity production | Construction | Amount of concrete | Reactors of a 900-MW unit electric power | Tons | 199 108 | EDF |
| Reactors of a 1350-MW unit electric power | Tons | 384 714 | EDF | |||
| Reactors of a 1450-MW unit electric power | Tons | 393 481 | EDF | |||
| Amount of reinforcing steel | Reactors of a 900-MW unit electric power | Tons | 16 140 | EDF | ||
| Reactors of a 1350-MW unit electric power | Tons | 32 280 | EDF | |||
| Reactors of a 1450-MW unit electric power | Tons | 33 042 | EDF | |||
| Amount of steel equipment | Reactors of a 900-MW unit electric power | Tons | 17 194,5 | EDF | ||
| Reactors of a 1350-MW unit electric power | Tons | 25 620 | EDF | |||
| Reactors of a 1450-MW unit electric power | Tons | 25 104 | EDF | |||
| Operation | Operating time | Years | 40 | EDF | ||
| SF6 emissions | kg/year | 2178 | EDF | |||
| Spent fuel treatment | Spent fuel treatment | Energy consumptions, reagents consumption, waste production | ecoinvent data updated with information from [21]. | |||
| Waste storage | Waste storage | Waste transport, treatment and storage of all types of waste (VLLW, LILW-SL, HLW & ILW-LL) | ecoinvent data updated with information from EDF | |||
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